To Describe The Working And Construction Of Bale Opener

Object:- to describe the working and construction of bale opener.

Theory:-

Cotton after ginning is compressed in to a compact structure called bale. It is a hard stuff hence it become necessary to open and loosen out cotton more over until final bale is ready, quite a good deal of impurities get associated with such cotton so for opening , cleaning and mixing of bales these bales are passed through a sequence of machine in blow room.

The first machine in this sequence is the bale opener in which opening and up to a smaller extent cleaning is carried out. It is a very strong, strudy and robust according to its construction .

the description of machine available in our spinning department is given below:-

Manufacturer : New Standard Engineering Co. Ltd.(Nse)

Manufacturing Year : 1989

Length : 5.20 Meters

Width : 1.40 Meters

Height : 1.97 Meters

Production Upto : 500KG/Hr

The cotton after opening the bale is fed in bale opener by extended feed lattice . The layers of this baled cotton then passes to hopper feed lattice. The amount of cotton fed in hopper feed lattice can be adjusted by an arrangement called as swing door arrangement. The cotton present in hopper feed lattice is then picked up by the strong spikes of inclined spike lattice and the picked cotton moves upward where the free flow of cotton is opposed by the spikes of a roller known as evener roller . The distance between the two can be adjusted by using a hand wheel provided for the purpose. The motion of the big tufts is thus resisted where as the smaller ones move uninterrupted. These bigmasses of the cotton is sliced by the motion of evener roller and struchting of the tufts entrapped take place. This reduces the size of tufts and they fall back to the hopper feed lattice from where they are picked again by inclined spike lattice however the tufts which remain entangled In the spikes of evener roller are cleaned with the help of another roller known as cleaner roller. This cotton again falls on hopper feed lattice. The smaller tuft which are small enough to pass through the gap of evener roller and inclined spike lattice passes forward and re stripped off by a closely placed fast moving stripper roller. It whips the cotton tufts and dashed it over grid bars owing to opening action some of the entrapped impurities get released which then passes through the gaps rather adjustable gaps or narrow space between two successive grid bars. The cotton on grid bars now faces the beating action produced by another cleaner roller which further cleans the cotton tufts. The cotton now is passed to the next machine for further cleaning , mixing an other operations to take place of them.

The advantages of the bale opener so can be summarized as follows:-

1. Compressed cotton from bales is opened.

2. Some what cleaning of cotton is done.

3. Damage of the fibre is very less.

4. Labour is required is less.

5. Dust is removed from cotton.

6. It is some what cheaper method.

Settings:-

1. Setting of gap between evener roller and inclined spike lattice:- The distance between evener rller and inclined spike lattice can be adjusted according to need. A hand wheel is provided for the purpose . the gap between the wo decides the degree of opening it also affects the rate of production. A smaller gap insures high degree of opening but reduces production and bigger gap causes low degree of opening hence this setting should be optimum according to the need of other machine in blow room as they had to be in perfect balance.

Setting:- -5, 0, +30mm

2. Grid Bars:- the distance between the two successive grid bars can be changed by changing the angle o grid bar using a hand lever placed on the machine. The angle of grid bar is decided by the trash percentage present in the cotton . if the angle is more cleaning will be more but it is to be taken in account that cotton must not move along with dust in the trash box. Total no. of bars in bale opener is thirteen.

3. Swing door :- the swing door is placed inside hopper to check excessive feed of cotton. This door is counter balanced by a dead weight can be adjusted near or away from the fulcrum according to the need. Hopper capacity decreases as weight moves toward the fulcrum. As mass increases the limit is tends to push door against the moment of weight and succeed. This movement stops the power transmission to the feed lattice and hence the supply stops when the mass inside hopper decreases swing door again come to its original positon.

4. Speed of lattice :- the power transmission to the three lattice is done by a motor and step pulley is used for the purpose which helps in changing speed of lattice and hence rate of production of the machine.

Calculation :-

1. Speed Of Driven Pulley :-